Arts in the field: Studying kākahu in Europe

22 September 2016
Justine Treadwell

Justine Treadwell is studying for a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Museums and Cultural Heritage, and recently undertook a research trip to the United Kingdom and Europe to study kākahu (Māori cloaks).

One of the greatest joys of research trips is the holiday that you don't have. When people hear I spent the inter-semester break of my honours year in Europe, they are generously pleased for me and often comment that it must have been nice to have a break.

It really would have been — only the lack of sleep, constant travel and excitement was even better.

This year I am studying towards a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Museums and Cultural Heritage, which is a fantastic experience to share with like-minded and supportive peers.

Thanks to the timely introduction of the University of Auckland Postgraduate Scholarships, I was able to pick a topic based almost exclusively on research undertaken overseas, and fund it with my scholarship.

I was also lucky enough that this year coincided with my father's PhD sabbatical, requiring him to travel overseas to do research for his project.

The final piece of luck aligned in our related projects, which involved taonga Māori in British and European collections. Dad needed to see components of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century whare (houses) and I needed to see eighteenth- and nineteenth-century kākahu (Māori cloaks) with tāniko borders.

Our four-week trip covered museums in London, Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh, Paris and Florence, and provided the research material for my honours dissertation, due at the end of this semester.

People are often surprised to hear that to study the earliest kākahu in museums, you have to travel overseas. “How many cloaks are in European museums?” is a question I hear regularly, and the answer is: a lot, especially those collected by Captain Cook.

Many museums don't even know how many they have.

The most wonderful people we met on the trip were the collection managers and assistants, who would sometimes devote whole days to helping us, sharing in the excitement of finding a new design or technique, and — to my eternal delight — bringing out kākahu I had never seen or heard of.
 

Justine Treadwell

Working with such great people and beautiful taonga has made me even more eager to pursue this as a career. Luckily, the University has my back — the new Master of Heritage Conservation specialising in Museums and Cultural Heritage is now available, a tempting option for me after this trip.

In my time in the Faculty of Arts working with the incredible Dante Bonica (of Māori Studies) and my fantastic supervisor Dr Ngarino Ellis (of Art History) I have spent a long time thinking about, looking at and weaving kākahu and tāniko.

I did expect to learn a lot in the intimate study of the earliest known kākahu, but I did not realise how exhaustingly immersed in the incredible artistry and skill of these early Māori weavers I would become on this trip. I would fall asleep counting aho (weft) rows and wake up with my heart racing, having recognised a unique design, only to realise my semi-conscious brain had found it in the weave of the curtain by my bed.

It was very surreal to rush around the totally unfamiliar towns of Great Britain (usually lost, hungry and arguing over a map) only to find the museums and meet the taonga Māori, halfway around the world.

It was even more surreal to find kākahu that have totally unique techniques, providing tantalising hints into their origins.

Always one to get carried away by history, I found it was quite emotional to meet these incredible kākahu, many of which were acquired on Cook's first voyage to New Zealand.

I can only imagine how moving this must be for Māori researchers visiting, as they come kanohi ki te kanohi (face to face) with their ancestors. These kākahu have been away from Aotearoa for over 200 years, and it is humbling to think how Māori weavers have kept their art vibrant and strong during the violent upheavals of this time, and as thousands of taonga were shipped off to Europe.

At this stage it is difficult to trace these kākahu back to their actual descendants — even if they had not been moved 18,000 km away — but increasingly Māori scholars and expatriates living in Europe are visiting the taonga, recovering their stories and keeping them warm.

The more of this reconnection that can be fostered the better, and every little bit of funded research helps.


Find out more about studying Museums and Cultural Heritage